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Understanding and using MongoDB indexes effectively

· 6 min read
Thomas Bodin
Thomas Bodin
Software Engineer
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At Orus, MongoDB is a cornerstone of our technical stack. Its flexibility, thanks to its document‑oriented model, makes it an excellent choice for quickly modeling complex data. But, as with any powerful tool, that flexibility can become a pitfall if not handled correctly.

Index management, in particular, is still underestimated.

We've all, at some point early in our careers, added an index "just in case," copy‑pasted configuration from a neighboring repository, or assumed MongoDB would "choose the right index" for us. The result: useless indexes, performance regressions, and sometimes even counterproductive setups.

In this article, we share our experience on:

  • How MongoDB indexes really work (beyond the documentation)
  • Indexing patterns to avoid, even if they seem "safe"
  • A clear method to decide when and why to add an index